Ingredients Glossary

Glossary of Ingredients and Terminology

A

ACACIA SENEGAL GUM

•Definition: Small thorny tree bark extract native to semi-desertic regions. Stabilizer.
•Origin: Africa, Pakistan and/or India.
•Function(s): Maintains a solution, mixture or suspension resistant to chemical changeor deterioration.

ACETIC ACID

•Definition: An acid that is a colorless, viscous liquid
•Origin: Produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates found in fruitsand vegetables; a.k.a. vinegar
•Functions: pH adjuster; inhibits bacterial growth, antimicrobial

ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-8

•Definition: Hexapeptide from the essential amino acid, arginine.
•Origin: Arginine from cereals and grains
•Function(s): Reduces wrinkle formation for smoother skin. Works with the SNAREcomplex

AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM (HORSE CHESTNUT) EXTRACT

•Definition: Extract from a fruit (not a true nut) belonging to a type of tree from theHippocastanaceae family, typically found in temperate areas.
•Origin: Horse chestnut fruits from Northern Europe.
•Function: Soothes, diffuses redness and vasoconstricts.

AGAVE (AGAVE TEQUILANA) EXTRACT – SEE BLUE AGAVE

ALGAE OLIGOSACCHARIDES

•Definition: Short chains of sugar molecules from algae, which are photosyntheticorganisms (plants) that occur in most habitats, a.k.a. seaweed. Humectant.
•Origin: Marine.
•Function(s): Mineralizes, detoxifies, preserves moisture, stimulates circulation, soothes,firms, promotes suppleness, smooths skin and wrinkles.

ALGIN

• Definition: A natural polysaccharide found in the cellular constituents of seaweed. Viscous gum that is abundant in the cell walls of brown algae. Humectant. Water binder. Thickener.
• Origin: Seaweed and brown algae.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, binds water and increases the viscosity of a liquid.

ALLANTOIN

• Definition: Botanical extract of the comfrey plant. Anti-Irritant.
• Origin: Comfrey root.
• Function(s): Soothes, heals and reduces irritation.

ALMOND OIL (SEE SWEET ALMOND OIL)

ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF EXTRACT (ALOE VERA)

• Definition: A plant from the Asphodelaceae family whose leaves furnish a gelatinous and crystalline emollient, rich in mucopolysaccharides.
• Origin: Leaves from aloe plants native to Northern Africa.
• Function(s): Soothes, replenishes, heals, hydrates, moisturizes, softens and smooths.

ALPHA HYDROXY ACIDS

• Definition: Any of various carboxylic acids with a hydroxyl group attached at the alpha position. These acids occur in natural products. Exfoliants.
• Origin: Various natural sources depending on the acid, such as sugar cane, fruit or milk.
• Functions: Exfoliate and promote cellular renewal, act as keratolytics, plus, may promote hydration, reduce hyperpigmentation and brighten.

ALPHA LIPOIC ACID (SEE THIOCTIC ACID)

AMYLASE

• Definition: Natural enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starches.
• Origin: Barley.
• Functions: Cleanses, easily digests heavier weighted molecular elements within hair follicles and breaks down glycogenic material.

ANANAS SATIVUS (PINEAPPLE) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Extract from a tropical bromeliad fruit resembling a pine cone.
• Origin: Tropical countries, such as Brazil.
• Function(s): Cleanses and may have an astringent effect.

ANTHEMIS NOBILIS FLOWER EXTRACT & OIL (CHAMOMILE)

• Definition: Daisy-like species of a perennial plant with characteristic flowers featuring a flattened corolla.
• Origin: Yellow florets from German chamomile plants indigenous to Southern Europe.
• Function(s): Soothes, calms and heals.

APPLE (SEE PYRUS MALUS)

AQUA (SEE WATER)

ARCTIUM LAPPA ROOT EXTRACT (BURDOCK)

• Definition: Biennial plant of the asteraceae family from which its root is used as an edible vegetable. Astringent.
• Origin: Temperate regions of Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
• Function(s): Tightens skin, cleanses and refines.

ARGAN STEM CELLS LIPOSOME COMPLEX (ARGANIA SPINOSA CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT)

• Definition: Liposome encapsulation housing Argan stem cells (argania spinosa callus culture extract) with isomalt, lecithin, sodium benzoate and water.
• Origin: Argan tree from Morocco.
• Function(s): Regenerates, smooths wrinkles, conditions, protects and normalizes human dermal stem cells. Restores dermis and delivers anti-aging results.

ARGANIA SPINOSA CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT (SEE ARGAN STEM CELLS LIPOSOME COMPLEX)

ARNICA MONTANA FLOWER EXTRACT

• Definition: Extract from flowering plant with large yellow capitula. Astringent.
• Origin: Perennial plant from Northern Europe.
• Function(s): Soothes, reduces bruising via its vasoactive action, supports wound healing and tightens.

ASCORBIC ACID/L-ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)

• Definition: Water-soluble antioxidant compound. Humectant.
• Origin: Oranges from Calabria, Italy.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals and cellular oxidation, promotes healthy collagen formation and preserves moisture.

ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE

• Definition: A highly active vitamin C compound derived after binding glucose to the hydroxyl of the ascorbic acid. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Compound created from natural sources like oranges.
• Function(s): Inhibits tyrosinase, neutralizes free radicals and cellular oxidation.

AVOCADO SEED EXTRACT (SEE PERSEA GRATISSIMA)

AVENA SATIVA (OAT) KERNEL FLOUR

• Definition: Fine powder from the seeds of the annual grass from a species of the Poaceae family. Absorbent.
• Origin: Cereal grains from temperate zones in Europe.
• Functions(s): Calms, soothes and absorbs.

AZULENE

• Definition: Oil-based organic extract from Roman chamomile.
• Origin: Blue flowers of Roman chamomile.
• Function(s): Soothes, calms, desensitizes and heals.

B

BASIL (SEE OCIMUM BASILICUM LEAF EXTRACT)

BEESWAX (CERA ALBA)

• Definition: Transparent colorless liquid, which turns into a semi-solid substance on contact with air, secreted by honeybees. Emollient. Thickening agent.
• Origin: Honeycombs.
• Function(s): Reduces evaporation and increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and increases viscosity.

BENTONITE

• Definition: Absorbent white clay from volcanic ash.
• Origin: European clay.
• Function(s): Mildly exfoliates, clarifies and absorbs or soaks up excess oils.

BENTONITE (MICRONIZED)

• Definition: Clay micro-particles, rich in silanol. Micronized Bentonite can act as encapsulation and delivery systems for other extracts in a complex, to provide progressive release of actives.
• Origin: European clay.
• Function(s): Regenerates the extracellular matrix, supports improving cellulite, nourishes and aids metabolism.

BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE

• Definition: Rapidly acting surface disinfectant and detergent against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, certain viruses, fungi, yeasts and protozoa. Astringent. Biocide.
• Origin: Organic carbon salt
• Function(s): Cleanses, destroys bacteria and other harmful germs and micro-organisms, tightens and constricts pores.

BENZOIC ACID

• Definition: Benzoic acid is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid. Also known as benzoin resin or Benjamin gum.
•Origin: Occurs naturally in gum benzoin, a brown resin found in the benzoin tree of Southeast Asia. Also naturally found in many types of berries.
• Function(s): Preservative

BENZOYL PEROXIDE

• Definition: Organic compound containing benzoic acid and a peroxide functional group. Keratolytic. Antiseptic. Astringent.
• Origin: Benzoic acid from fruits.
• Function(s): Breaks down accumulated keratin (dead skin), inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections, plus tightens skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

BENZOYL PEROXIDE (MICRO MATRIX)

• Definition: Organic compound containing benzoic acid and a peroxide functional group vehiculized in a high-tech, micro-matrix time release (12-hour) delivery system. Keratolytic. Antiseptic. Astringent.
• Origin: Benzoic acid from fruits.
• Function(s): Breaks down accumulated keratin (dead skin), inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections, plus tightens skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

BETA-CAROTENE

• Definition: Natural compound from the carotenoids family consisting of two retinyl groups and known as the most important precursor of vitamin A formation. A class of tetraterpene plant pigments with a red-orange hue. Emollient. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Carrots.
• Function(s): Supports healthy cellular functions, growth and metabolism, hydrates, softens, smooths, repairs, neutralizes free radicals, prevents degeneration and atrophy.

BISABOLOL

• Definition: Alcohol-based extract from German chamomile. Anti-Irritant.
• Origin: German chamomile flowers.
• Function(s): Soothes, calms, reduces redness and irritation.

BLUE AGAVE (AGAVE TEQUILANA) EXTRACT

• Definition: A succulent used in the production of tequila and syrupy sweetener. Rich in polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals.
• Origin: Mexico and Caribbean
• Function(s): Healing, anti-inflammatory, and hydrating properties

BRASSICA CAPESTRIS STEROLS (RAPESEED)

• Definition: Vegetal lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Lipolytic.
• Origin: Canadian rapeseed.
• Function(s): Reinforce lipolysis effect to reduce cellulite, firm and help synthesize and maintain elastin and collagen fibers.

BROMELAIN/ BROMELAIN (SPHÉRULITES)

• Definition: Sulfur-containing enzymes that breakdown proteins (proteases) encapsulated in sphérulites (microscopic multi-lamellae carriers for controlled release and prevention of undesired enzymatic activation within water-based formulations.) Keratolytic. Comedolytic. Anti-Inflammatory.
• Origin: Pineapples.
• Function(s): Deeply cleanses, exfoliates, prevents comedone formation and helps reduce inflammation.

BURDOCK (SEE ARCTIUM LAPPA ROOT EXTRACT)

BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER)

• Definition: Slightly greenish or ivory-colored natural fat extracted from fruit of the shea tree. Emollient.
• Origin: African karité tree.
• Function(s): Nourishes, moisturizes, increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and protects. Recently known to support reducing cellulite and aiding metabolism.

C

CACTUS (PRICKLY PEAR) EXTRACT

• Definition: Prickly pears are members of the Cactacceae or cactus family. Rich in essential amino acids, flavones, vitamins, antioxidants, and water binding polysaccharides.
• Origin: Arid and semi-arid regions of the world.
• Function(s): Antioxidant, hydrating, healing, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory

CAFESTEROL / CAFESTOL

• Definition: Diterpene molecule naturally present in coffee beans. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Green coffee beans.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals.

CAFFEIC ACID

• Definition: Naturally occurring phenolic compound (formerly called a carbolic acid), found in many sources, especially coffee beans. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Green coffee beans.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals and boosts metabolism.

CAFFEINE

• Definition: Naturally occurring xanthine alkaloid compound. Known as guaranine when found in guarana fruits. Diuretic. Astringent.
• Origin: Numerous plant species, especially green coffee beans.
• Function(s): Promotes excretion of excess water and salts, tightens skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

CALCIUM ASCORBATE (VITAMIN C)

• Definition: Buffered and less acidic ester form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Antioxidant. Humectant.
• Origin: Mineral salts of ascorbic acid (calcium-bonded).
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals and preserves moisture.

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

• Definition: Name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions together with phosphate ions found in some rocks and a constituent of bones.
• Origin: Natural mineral sources.
• Function(s): May be used as a stabilizer to maintain a solution, mixture or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration.

CALCIUM SULFATE

• Definition: A white crystalline salt, insoluble in water. Opacifying agent.
• Origin: Freshwater and seawater muds.
• Function(s): May be used as a pigment to impart an opaque appearance.

CALENDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER EXTRACT

• Definition: Extract from an annual or perennial herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae (daisy) family. Anti-Inflammatory.
• Origin: Plants native to the Mediterranean.
• Function(s): Soothes, calms, heals and reduces inflammation.

CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT (GREEN TEA)

• Definition: Perennial evergreen shrub rich in polyphenols. Antioxidant. Anti-Inflammatory. Antibacterial. Anti-irritant.
• Origin: Leaves of the tea plant native to Asia.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, soothes, calms, heals, combats bacteria, reduces inflammation and irritation.

CAMPHOR (SEE CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA LEAF EXTRACT/BARK OIL)

CAPRYLIC/ CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE

• Definition: Highly refined medium chain triglyceride oil possessing excellent oxidation stability with an almost indefinite shelf life. Stabilizer.
• Origin: Coconut.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, plus maintains a solution, mixture, or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration.

CAPRYL GLYCOL

• Definition: Skin-conditioning agent and shelf life extender. Emollient. Preservative.
• Origin: Coconut oil.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant, softens, smooths, increases the moisture content of the skin, prevents bacterial growth and protects products from spoilage.

CAPRYLHYDROXAMIC ACID

• Definition: An amino acid. Natural preservative. Anti-fungal.
• Origin: Coconut oil.
• Function(s): Prevents bacterial and fungal growth and protects products from spoilage.

CAPRYLYL GLYCOL

• Definition: Skin conditioning agent and humectant with anti-microbial activity.
• Origin: Coconut oil.
• Function(s): Act as a lubricant on the skin, softens, smooths, preserves moisture and inhibits microbial activity.

CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Extract from pods or berries of chili peppers from the annual or perennial plants having white flowers with a greenish white or greenish yellow corolla. This vitamin C rich extract is used medicinally as local stimulant, anesthetic, antiseptic and anti-rheumatic. It is used externally as a rubefacient to stimulate circulation and cosmetically as a topical vasodilator for its ability to dilate blood vessels and increase the flow of nutrients. A.k.a. Cayenne pepper, Piri piri, African Bird’s Eye or African devil, Kambuzi, Malawian, Malagueta or Tabasco pepper. The capscidins in the seeds are also thought to have antibiotic properties.
• Origin: Pods from Capsicum frutescens plants from tropical and subtropical regions including Northern, Central and Western South America.
• Function(s): Enhances circulation and increases the flow of nutrients.

CARBOMER

• Definition: Polymer of acrylic acid. Group of thickening agents used primarily to create gel-like formulations. Stabilizer.
• Origin: Vegetal cellulose.
• Function(s): Increases the viscosity of a liquid and maintains a solution, mixture, or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration.

CARICA PAPAYA (PAPAYA) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Fruit from a tree of the Caricaceae family. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Papaya fruits from Central and South American countries.
• Function(s): Cleanses, gently exfoliates, smooths, rejuvenates and neutralizes free radicals.

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS (SAFFLOWER) SEED OIL

• Definition: Highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. Unsaturated oil, rich in linoleic acid. Emollient.
• Origin: Safflower seeds.
• Function(s): Moisturizes, softens and smooths.

CARROT OIL (SEE DAUCUS CAROTA SATIVA)

CAVIAR EXTRACT

• Definition: Roe of sturgeon fish. Emollient. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Intracellular extract from European black sturgeon roe.
• Function(s): Repairs visible signs of aging, hydrates, moisturizes, softens, smooths and neutralizes free radicals.

CELLULOSE

• Definition: Organic polysaccharide and important structural component of a plant’s cell wall. Thickener. Emulsifier.
• Origin: Plant tissue.
• Function(s): Increases the viscosity of a liquid and combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed.

CENTAUREA CYANUS FLOWER EXTRACT (CORNFLOWER)

• Definition: A small annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, a.k.a. bachelor’s button. Anti-inflammatory.
• Origin: Native to Europe.
• Function(s): Soothes, decongests and reduces inflammation.

CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT (HYDROCOTYL & GOTU KOLA)

• Definition: Small herbaceous annual plant of the family Apiaceae. Native to Asia and Australia. Diuretic. Humectant.
• Origin: Asia and Australia.
• Function(s): Promotes excretion of excess water and salts, reduces swelling, preserves moisture, supports collagen production and wound healing.

CETEARETH-20

• Definition: Nonionic surfactant. Polyethylene glycol ether of cetearyl alcohol. Solubilizer. Emulsifier.
• Origin: Fatty acids from coconut oil.
• Function(s): Increases the ability of a substance to dissolve, cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids plus combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed

CETEARYL GLUCOSIDE

• Definition: Compound used as an emulsifier in formulations. Stabilizer.
• Origin: Vegetable-derived cetearyl alcohol and glucose.
• Function(s): Combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed and maintains a solution, mixture, suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration.

CHAMOMILE (SEE ANTHEMIS NOBILIS FLOWER EXTRACT & OIL)

CHAMOMILLA RECUTITA (MATRICARIA) FLOWER EXTRACT

• Definition: An annual plant of the composite family Asteraceae. M. chamomilla commonly known as chamomile, Italian camomilla, German chamomile, Hungarian chamomile, wild chamomile or scented mayweed and is the most popular source of the herbal product chamomile, although other species are also used as chamomile.
• Origin: Europe
• Function(s): Soothes, calms and heals.

CHARCOAL POWDER

• Definition: The lightweight black carbon and ash residue produced by removing water and other volatile constituents from organic substances.
• Origin: Vegetal sources (plant-derived). Pevonia’s charcoal powder is finely micronized.
• Function(s): Purifies, detoxifies, cleanses, and absorbs excess oil.

CHIRALLY CORRECT

• Definition: The term chirally correct stems from the Greek word meaning “hands”. Just like we have a left hand and a right hand, molecules have “a right side and a left side” that can look almost identical, like mirror images, but may have different properties. One image can be fully compatible with the skin and offer maximum benefits, while the other may not be. Products that are formulated to be chirally correct contain only the “side” or “image” of the molecule that is most compatible with the skin (the ideal fit with the skin cell receptors) to offer maximum benefits and guarantee a lesser chance of skin reactions, such as irritation or inflammation.

CHLOROGENIC ACID

• Definition: Major phenolic compound in coffee. An ester of caffeic and quinic acid. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Green coffee beans.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, helps regulate metabolism and stimulates the lipolysis phenomenon.

CHRYSIN

• Definition: A bioflavonoid that stimulates the enzyme UGT1A1, leading to the clearance of bilirubin.
• Origin: Bioflavonoid from Passiflora incarnata flower.
• Function(s): Clears away iron degradation and lightens the skin.

CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA (CAMPHOR) LEAF EXTRACT/ & BARK OIL

• Definition: Waxy, white, or transparent solid terpenoid from the camphor laurel, possessing a strong, aromatic odor. Emollient.
• Origin: Leaves and bark of the large, evergreen tree native to Asia.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, soothes, cools and provides a refreshing sensation and aroma.

CITRIC ACID

• Definition: A mild alpha hydroxy acid. Astringent.
• Origin: Citrus fruits.
• Function(s): Tightens, cleanses, constricts pores, brightens and exfoliates.

CITRULLUS LANATAS (WATERMELON) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: A member of the cucumber family native to Africa, Europe and America. Skin conditioning agent.
• Origin: Watermelon fruit rind.
• Function(s): Softens, hydrates, soothes, smooths and acts as a lubricant on the skin surface.

CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA (LIME) OIL & FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Globular citrus fruit from a shrubby tree a.k.a. Key lime. Astringent.
• Origin: Rind and pulp of Key lime fruits.
• Function(s): Tones, tightens, cleanses, constricts pores and brightens.

CITRUS AURANTIUM DULCIS (ORANGE) FLOWER OIL/ PEEL OIL & FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Globular citrus fruit from the sweet orange tree. Humectant.
• Origin: Flower, rind and pulp, respectively, of the sweet orange.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, brightens and stimulates.

CITRUS GRANDIS (GRAPEFRUIT) PEEL OIL & EXTRACT

• Definition: Fruit from a subtropical evergreen citrus tree. Astringent. Antiseptic
• Origin: Rind of grapefruits.
• Function(s): Tightens, cleanses, constricts pores, normalizes sebaceous secretions, purifies, inhibits growth of micro-organisms and prevents infections.

CITRUS LIMON (LEMON) PEEL OIL/ & FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Compound of antioxidants derived from lemon fruits. Astringent.
• Origin: Rind of lemon fruits.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, tightens, cleanses and constricts the pores.

CITRUS NOBILIS (MANDARIN ORANGE) PEEL OIL

• Definition: Essential oil from the Citrus nobilis tree. Astringent.
• Origin: Rind of mandarin oranges.
• Function(s): Tightens, cleanses, constricts the pores and soothes.

COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE

• Definition: Amphoteric surfactant, member of the betaine family. Foaming agent.
• Origin: Coconuts and beets.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

COCAMIDOPROPYL HYDROXYSULTAINE

• Definition: Surfactant. Foaming agent. Skin conditioner.
• Origin: Fatty acids of coconut oil.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids plus softens, smooths and acts as a lubricant on the skin surface.

COCOS NUCIFERA (COCONUT) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: An extract of the meat of the coconut
• Origin: Tropical geographies
• Function(s): Conditioning agent, antioxidant, moisturizer, skin recovery actions

COFFEA ARABICA (COFFEE) SEED EXTRACT/ & SEED POWDER (MICRONIZED)

• Definition: Extract from beans of the most commonly grown variety of coffee plants. Diuretic. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Green coffee beans from Brazil and Congo.
• Function(s): Activates lipolysis, detoxifies, reduces cellulite, promotes excretion of excess water and salts and supports neutralizing free radicals.

COFFEA ARABICA (COFFEE) SEED OIL

• Definition: Oil from coffee beans rich in cafeone, caffeine, trigonelline, theobromine and theophylline plus polyunsaturated fatty materials: sterols and tocopherols. Diuretic.
• Origin: Green coffee beans from Brazil and Congo
• Function(s): Activates lipolysis, detoxifies, reduces cellulite, firms and promotes excretion of excess water and salts, and supports neutralizing free radicals.

COLA ACUMINATA NUT EXTRACT (KOLA NUT)

• Definition: Shelled seeds from trees from the Malvaceae family. Diuretic.
• Origin: Nuts from kola trees native to tropical West Africa.
• Function(s): Promotes excretion of excess water and salts.

COLLAGEN – SEE MARINE COLLAGEN

COMFREY ROOT STEM CELLS LIPOSOME COMPLEX (SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT)

• Definition: Liposome encapsulation housing comfrey root stem cells (Symphytum officinale callus culture extract) with isomalt, lecithin, sodium benzoate and water
• Origin: Swiss comfrey root.
• Function(s): Regenerates, repairs, protects, increases skin renewal, restores the epidermis and has anti-aging effects.

COPPER POWDER

• Definition: Trace metal element. A mineral from earth.
• Origin: Obtained from earth, and seaweed. Occurs naturally as the red mineral cuprite.
• Function(s): Skin repairing. Detoxifying. Supports SOD (Super Oxide Dismutase) activity.

CORN (SEE ZEA MAYS)

CORYLUS AVELLANA (HAZEL) SEED OIL

• Definition: Shelled seeds from a species of deciduous trees and large shrubs. Emollient.
• Origin: The seeds of trees native to the temperate northern hemisphere.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, nourishes and moisturizes.

CREAM/CRÈME (MILK)

• Definition: Natural butter, a.k.a. crème fraîche, containing calcium, magnesium, monosaccharides, disaccharides, sterols, lecithin, oil, proteins, fatty acids and vitamins A, D, E and K to nourish and rejuvenate premature aged skin.
• Origin: Milk lipids.
• Function(s): Nourishes, repairs, heals and moisturizes.

CRYO-COLLAGEN

• Definition: Desiccated collagen extract that has not been subjected to the action of lytic enzymes. Humectant.
• Origin: Marine collagen from white teleost fish.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, firms and diminishes visible signs of aging.

CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Fruit from a widely cultivated plant in the family Cucurbitaceae. Humectant.
• Origin: Widely grown cucumbers.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture and soothes.

CYCLOMETHICONE

• Definition: Type of silicone that provides a silky, smooth feel to skin care products, and is considered a non-comedogenic emollient. This form of silicone can help deliver active ingredients.
• Origin: Natural silica mineral. Pharmaceutical grade.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths.

CYCLOPENTASILOXANE

• Definition: A silicone related gel from earth silica
• Origin: Natural silica mineral. Pharmaceutical grade purity.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths. Spreading agent.

CYMBOPOGON SCHOENANTHUS EXTRACT (LEMONGRASS)

• Definition: A perennial herb from the family Gramineae. Astringent. Antiseptic.
• Origin: Widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics, but indigenous to India.
• Function(s): Tightens, cleanses and constricts the pores plus inhibits growth of micro-organisms and prevents infections.

D

DAUCUS CAROTA SATIVA (CARROT) SEED OIL

• Definition: Biennial plant with long conical deep-orange edible roots. Emollient.
• Origin: Queen Anne’s lace flowers.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, prevents degeneration of tissues, combats atrophy and hydrates.

DECYL GLUCOSIDE

• Definition: Mild surfactant saponin compound with moisture-binding properties.
• Origin: Produced by the reaction of glucose from cornstarch with decanol, a fatty alcohol derived from coconut. Naturally occurs in the southwestern yucca desert plant.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids, plus binds moisture.

DIACETYL BOLDINE

• Definition: Tree bark extract encased in soy lecithin micro-liposomes. Skin tone equalizer. Brightener. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Chilean boldo tree bark.
• Function(s): Equalizes skin tone, brightens, inhibits tyrosinase, blocks stress receptors and neutralizes free radicals.

DIATOMACEOUS EARTH

• Definition: Naturally occurring, soft, chalk-like sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. Consists of fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. Absorbent. Mild polishing agent.
• Origin: European coasts.
• Function(s): Absorbs or soaks up liquids, remineralizes, detoxifies and gently polishes.

DIMETHICONE

• Definition: A silicone based polymer used to give products lubricity, slip and protect the skin. Lubricant.
• Origin: Natural silica mineral. Pharmaceutical grade.
• Function(s): Protects the skin against moisture loss, improves product flow and spreadabilty.

DIMETHYL ISOSORBIDE

• Definition: Safe, sustainable, high purity and effective solvent and carrier which acts as a delivery enhancement mechanism for active ingredients in personal care products to improve product performance. Clear, oily and water soluble liquid. Shelf-life extender. Also used to decrease viscosity or thickness of formulations.
• Origin: Sugar alcohol from diverse fruits and berries.
• Function(s): Enhances epidermal penetration of actives and allows reduced amounts to achieve desired effects, lessening potential irritation associated with more aggressive actives. Improves shelf stability. It promotes miscibility in water, most organic solvents and non-ionic surfactants and can transport water soluble actives into skin without recrystallization.

DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE

• Definition: Natural polymer that improves delivery and adhesion.
• Origin: Soybeans.
• Function(s): Binding agent.

DIPALMITOYL HYDROXYPROLINE

• Definition: A natural lipo-aminoacid that stimulates skin collagen synthesis.
• Origin: From purified and hypoallergenic coconut oil and egg collagen protein.
• Function(s): De-aging, moisturizing, skin plumping, firming.

DIPEPTIDE-2

• Definition: Molecule formed by two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond. Skin smoother.
• Origin: Various vegetal sources.
• Function(s): Improves lymphatic drainage and circulation by inhibiting ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzymes) and smooths the skin.

DIPOTASSIUM GLYCYRRHIZATE (LICORICE ROOT EXTRACT)

• Definition: Legume plant member of the Pea family. Anti-irritant.
• Origin: Extract from licorice root, native to Europe and Asia.
• Function(s): Soothes and reduces redness and irritation.

DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE

• Definition: Extremely mild amphoteric surfactant (detergent).
• Origin: Coconut oil.
• Function(s): Gently cleanses and entraps dirt and micro-organisms by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids, without defatting the skin or stripping natural oils from hair.

DISODIUM LAURETH SULFOSUCCINATE

• Definition: Anionic (detergent).
• Origin: Coconut oil.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids and combines with dirt and impurities to make them more soluble.

D.N.A (SEE MARINE DNA)

E

ELASTIN (SEE MARINE ELASTIN)

EQUISETUM ARVENSE LEAF EXTRACT (HORSETAIL)

• Definition: A bushy native, perennial, rhizomatous plant (similar to ferns). Humectant.
• Origin: Leaves of Equisetum plants.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, heals and firms.

ESCUTOX®

• Definition: Patented complex of oligopeptides from hibiscus esculentus extract, algae oligosaccharides and squalane. Skin smoother.
• Origin: Mature seeds from hibiscus esculentus plants from tropical and sub-tropical zones, seaweed (marine) and green Spanish olives, respectively.
• Function(s): Smooths fine lines and diffuses wrinkles.

ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN

• Definition: Skin conditioning agent.
• Origin: Vegetal glycerin.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens and smooths, plus, acts as a natural booster for bactericidal agents.

ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE

• Definition: UV filter, a.k.a. octinoxate.
• Origin: Natural sunscreen agent.
• Function(s): Protects skin from sunburn and damaging effects of the sun.

ETHYLHEXYL OLIVATE

• Definition: Fatty Acids derived from the common olive
• Origin: Olive tree that is native to Southern European latitudes.
• Function(s): Skin conditioning agent.

F

FRAGARIA VESCA (STRAWBERRY) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Organic berry fruit containing antioxidant properties.
• Origin: Strawberry fruits from Europe.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, hydrates and cools.

FRENCH ROSE (SEE ROSA GALLICA FLOWER OIL & EXTRACT)

FUCUS VESICULOSUS EXTRACT/ & MICRONIZED POWDER (ALGAE)

• Definition: Perennial brown plant of the order Algae, featuring air pockets for buoyancy, which grows as seaweed along the coasts, a.k.a. kelp and bladderwrack.
Humectant. Diuretic. Analgesic. Anti-inflammatory.
• Origin: Marine.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, promotes excretion of excess water and salts, mineralizes, plus, reduces inflammation and pain.

G

GARDENIA FLORIDA FLOWER EXTRACT (GARDENIA)

• Definition: An evergreen shrub with glossy green leaves and fragrant flowers.
• Origin: Flowers native to tropical and subtropical zones.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, moisturizes, softens, smooths and calms.

GERANIUM MACULATUM OIL

• Definition: A woodland perennial plant from the Geraniaceae family with pinkish blue colored flowers. Emollient.
• Origin: American wild geraniums.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and imparts a natural fragrance.

GINKGO BILOBA LEAF EXTRACT

• Definition: A medium-large deciduous tree from the Ginkgoaceae family. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Leaves of Ginkgo plants native to China.
• Function(s): Soothes, neutralizes free radicals, plus, decongests and reduces puffiness.

GLUCOSE OXIDASE

• Definition: A dimeric glycoprotein enzyme that catalyzes specific oxidative reactions. Antiseptic.
• Origin: Honey.
• Function(s): Inhibits growth of micro-organisms and prevents infections.

GLYCERIN

• Definition: Sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils. Humectant.
• Origin: Sugar and vegetal oils.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture.

GLYCERYL GLUCOSIDE

• Definition: A multi-functional anti-aging and cell protecting saccharide.
• Origin: Plant-derived: from African desert plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia.
• Function(s): Deep hydration, De-aging, improves barrier function, reduces TEWL, protects.

GLYCERYL STEARATE

• Definition: Type of compound produced from fatty acids and glycerin. Emulsifier.
• Origin: Soybean oil.
• Function(s): Combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed.

GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) PROTEIN

• Definition: A plant from the family Leguminosae, a.k.a. wild soybean.
• Origin: Enzyme-catalyzed protein extract from the soy plant.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens and smooths plus provides isoflavones, phytosterols and phytoestrogens.

GLYCOLIC ACID

• Definition: Smallest of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs). Exfoliant.
• Origin: Sugar cane.
• Function(s): Exfoliates dead skin, diminishes corneocytes cohesion (loosens dead cells’ bond) and prevents epidermal thickening.

GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS (GLUCOSAMINOGLYCANS)

• Definition: High molecular weight linear polysaccharides with various disaccharide repeating units and containing n-acetylated hexosamine, a.k.a. mucopolysaccharides or proteoglycans. Humectant. Water binder.
• Origin: Marine.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, binds water and promotes healthy cellular functions.

GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA (LICORICE) ROOT EXTRACT

• Definition: Legume plant member of the Pea family. Anti-irritant. Lightener.
• Origin: Extract from licorice root, native to Europe and Asia.
• Function(s): Soothes, reduces irritation and lightens.

GOTU-KOLA (SEE CENTELLA ASIATICA)

GRAPEFRUIT PEEL OIL/ & EXTRACT (SEE CITRUS GRANDIS)

GREEN COFFEE (SEE COFFEA ARABICA)

GREEN PEA (SEE PISUM SATIVUM EXTRACT)

GREEN TEA (SEE CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT)

H

HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA (WITCH HAZEL) BARK/LEAF/TWIG EXTRACT

• Definition: A small tree or shrub of deciduous forests. Astringent.
• Origin: Bark, leaves and twigs of witch hazel trees native to the USA.
• Function(s): Tightens skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

HEDERA HELIX (IVY) LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

• Definition: An evergreen climbing vine in the ginseng family (Araliaceae). Astringent.
• Origin: Leaves and stems of ivy plants native to most of Europe and southwest Asia.
• Function(s): Tightens skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL

• Definition: Annual plant in the family Asteraceae with a large flowering head. Emollient.
• Origin: Seeds of sunflower plants native to the Americas.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths.

HESPERIDIN METHYL CHALCONE

• Definition: Organic bioflavonoid compound classified as both a ketone and a polyol. Used as an antioxidant.
• Origin: Orange and lemon peel.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals and helps normalize capillaries’ permeability.

HEXYLENE GLYCOL

• Definition: A humectant binder, solvent, viscosity agent and softener. Solubilizer.
• Origin: Natural sugars.
• Function(s): Preserves and binds moisture, increases the ability of a substance to dissolve and thickens formulations.

HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS (SEE HYDROLYZED HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS EXTRACT & ESCUTOX®)

HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FLOWER EXTRACT

• Definition: A species of annual or perennial hibiscus herb or woody-based sub-shrub of the Malvaceae family. The flowers are rich in pyruvic acid among other actives. Exfoliant.
• Origin: Hibiscus flowers grown in tropical countries.
• Function(s): Exfoliates dead skin, reducing epidermal thickening.

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES FRUIT EXTRACT (SEA BUCKTHORN FRUIT EXTRACT)

• Definition: A fruit extract high in vitamin C content (approximately 15 times greater than an orange). Also rich in vitamin E, amino acids, minerals and flavonoids.
• Origin: Sea buckthorn fruit extract.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals and brightens.

HONEY EXTRACT

• Definition: A sweet and viscous fluid produced by honeybees from the nectar of flowers. Emollient.
• Origin: Widespread.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, nourishes, heals, soothes and moisturizes.

HOPS (SEE HUMULUS LUPULUS)

HORSE CHESTNUT (SEE AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM)

HORSETAIL (SEE EQUISETUM ARVENSE LEAF EXTRACT)

HUMULUS LUPULUS (HOPS) EXTRACT

• Definition: A perennial herbaceous flowering plant.
• Origin: Northern hemispheres.
• Function(s): Soothes the skin.

HYALURONIC ACID (SEE ALSO SODIUM HYALURONATE)

• Definition: A non-sulfated high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan present in organic tissues. Humectant. Water binder.
• Origin: Sugar beets.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture and binds water. Essential for healthy skin function.

HYDROLYZED HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS EXTRACT (OKRA)

• Definition: Hibiscus esculentus is a tall coarse herbaceous annual of the tropics, featuring mucilaginous green pods, a.k.a. lady fingers. Hibiscus esculentus seed extract is subjected to the action of hydrolytic enzymes and mixed with starches. Esculentus oligopeptides are neuropeptides also known as neurorelaxants. Humectant.
• Origin: Okra seed extract widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, powerfully stimulates the nerve endings network to inhibit neuromuscular contractions, smooth and relax wrinkles.

HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE

• Definition: Non-ionic agent used in the water phase of cosmetic formulations. Thickener. Gelling Agent.
• Origin: Natural cellulose.
• Function(s): Increases the viscosity of a liquid and forms a gel.

HYPERICUM PERFORATUM FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

• Definition: A yellow-flowering, rhizomatous, perennial herb, a.k.a. St. John’s wort.
• Origin: Flowers, leaves and stems of plants indigenous to Europe.
• Function(s): Soothes the skin.

HYDROLYZED SOY PROTEIN

• Definition: Soy amino acids. Conditioning agent.
• Origin: Soybeans.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens, smooths and provides anti-aging benefits.

I

IRIS FLORENTINA ROOT EXTRACT (ORRIS)

• Definition: German iris plant and fragrant rhizome having large white flowers with a lavender-tinge.
• Origin: Roots of the iris plant from Europe.
• Function(s): Imparts natural fragrance and provides isoflavones.

IRON OXIDES

• Definition: Natural metal pigments from earth formed through oxidation.
Frequently used to add color to cosmetics and powder masks. Natural colorant.
• Origin: Widespread iron mineral from decomposition of iron salt.
• Function(s): Imparts natural and safe color to skincare products.

ISOMALT

• Definition: Binding agent and sugar with moisturizing properties.
• Origin: Natural glucose and mannitol.
• Function(s): Binds and moisturizes.

ISOPENTYLDIOL

• Definition: Water-soluble odorless and colorless humectant.
• Origin: Alcohol ferment from vegetal sugar.
• Function(s): Used as a solvent, binder and moisturizer.

IVY (SEE HEDERA HELIX LEAF/STEM EXTRACT)

J

JASMINUM OFFICINALE (JASMINE) OIL/ & EXTRACT

• Definition: An aromatic essential oil and extract from the flowering vine from the Oleaceae family. Emollient.
• Origin: Flowers of jasmine vines.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, soothes and imparts natural aroma.

JOJOBA SEED (SEE SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS SEED EXTRACT/ & OIL)

JONQUIL EXTRACT (SEE NARCISSUS JONQUILLA EXTRACT)

K

KAHWEOL

• Definition: Diterpene molecule naturally present in coffee beans. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Green coffee beans.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals.

KAOLIN

• Definition: Hydrated aluminum silicate in the form of soft white natural clay from feldspatic rocks. Absorbent.
• Origin: Native to China.
• Function(s): Absorbs or soaks up liquids.

KIGELIA AFRICANA FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: An extract derived from the fruit of the Kigelia Africana Tree
• Origin: Tree which is common to West, Central, and South Africa.
• Function(s): Antioxidant; restores smoothness, elasticity, assists in wound healing

KOLA NUT (SEE COLA ACUMINATA NUT EXTRACT)
KOMBUCHA (SEE SACCHAROMYCES/XYLINUM/BLACK TEA)

L

LACTIC ACID

• Definition: An alpha hydroxy acid derivative of milk and a natural component of the natural moisturizing factor of the skin (NMF). Exfoliant. Astringent.
• Origin: Yogurt from fermented milk.
• Function(s): Hydrates, exfoliates, brightens, tightens, cleanses and constricts pores.

LACTUCA SCARIOLA SATIVA (LETTUCE) LEAF EXTRACT

• Definition: Annual wild lettuce from the Asteraceae family featuring prickly stems and leaves.
• Origin: Leaves of lettuce from Europe.
• Function(s): Soothes.

LAMINARIA DIGITATA EXTRACT / & MICRONIZED POWDER (ALGAE)

• Definition: A large conspicuous brown seaweed or kelp, a.k.a. oarweed. Humectant.
• Origin: Micronized cellular contents from algae obtained from the coast of Britain.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, stimulates the metabolism and detoxifies.

LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA (LAVENDER) OIL & FLOWER/LEAF/STEM EXTRACT

•Definition: A small, herbaceous, semi-woody, semi-evergreen perennial or perennialherb, with blue-purple, lavender, violet-blue, or white-pink flowers, depending uponcultivar, a.k.a. English lavender.
•Origin: Native to the western Mediterranean region.
•Function(s): Calms, soothes, heals, decongests and imparts a natural relaxing scent.

LAVENDER (SEE LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA)

LECITHIN

•Definition: Hydrophilic ingredient composed by a mixture of glycolipids, triglycerides andphospholipids that attracts water and acts a moisturizer. Emollient.
•Origin: Soybeans.
•Function(s): Increases and restores the moisture content of the skin, prevents dryness,hydrates, softens and smooths.

LEMON VERBENA (SEE LIPPIA CITRIODORA FLOWER EXTRACT)

LENS ESCULENTA (LENTIL) FRUIT EXTRACT

•Definition: Leguminous plant that has been grown in Asia and the Mediterranean regionsince ancient times. Possesses high protein content and catalytic enzymes. Antioxidant.Astringent. Skin conditioning agent.
•Origin: Seedlings from the pods of lentils.
•Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, tightens, cleanses, constricts the pores,nourishes, acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens and smooths.

LENTINUS EDODES EXTRACT

•Definition: Extract from a variety of edible mushroom plants
•Origin: Shiitake mushroom from Asian regions
•Function(s): Protective, anti-aging; reduces age-linked degeneration of collagen fibers

LICORICE (SEE GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA)

LINDEN (SEE TILIA CORDATA FLOWER EXTRACT)

LIPASE

•Definition: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown) of triglycerides, i.e.sebum. Lipolytic.
•Origin: Mushrooms.
•Function(s): Deeply cleanses and breaks down hardened, fatty substances.

LIPPIA CITRIODORA FLOWER EXTRACT (LEMON VERBENA)

•Definition: Aromatic deciduous perennial shrub. Emollient.
•Origin: Europe and South America where it is native.
•Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths.

LITHOTHAMNIUM CALCAREUM (ALGAE) EXTRACT

•Definition: Fragile, reddish-violet branched algae rich in calcium and magnesium, butalso contains significant levels of other minerals and trace elements like phosphorous,potassium, manganese, boron, iodine, zinc, copper, selenium and cobalt.
•Origin: Northern European Seas
•Function(s): Humectant. Remineralizes.

LONGAN FRUIT – SEE NEPHELIUM LONGANA SEED EXTRACT

M

MACADAMIA TERNIFOLIA NUT OIL

• Definition: Rich and nutritious natural oil with composition similar to human sebum and possessing antioxidant properties. Emollient.
• Origin: Macadamia nuts from a species of Australian trees.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, hydrates, lubricates and protects skin, plus, helps neutralize free radicals.

MAGNESIUM ACETATE

• Definition: Compound of Magnesium salt
• Origin: Magnesium found in nature
• Function(s): Supports normal skin functions and cell metabolism. May offer antiseptic benefits

MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE

• Definition: An emulsion-stabilizing and thickening agent in creams or as a powder in cosmetics.
• Origin: Hectorite, smectite or kaolin clay.
• Function(s): Maintains a solution, mixture or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration plus increases the viscosity of a liquid.

MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE (M.A.P.)

• Definition: Stable, water-soluble vitamin C salt compound. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Magnesium and ascorbic acid.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, stimulates collagen production, smooths wrinkles and lightens. Ideal for sensitive skin.

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATE)

• Definition: Mineral found in the earth, sea, plants, animals and humans. Needed for more than 600 biochemical reactions in the body. Aids in body detoxification.
• Origin: Mineral rich waters of the French Iroise Sea
• Function(s): Essential for energy production in cells, necessary for the enzymes that manage DNA repair and replication, regulates over production of sebum; relieves chronic pain, cramping, inflammation, joint discomfort, and muscle tension and soreness

MAGNESIUM SILICATE

• Definition: Soluble salt and insoluble silica used for absorption properties
• Origin: A compound of magnesium, silicon and oxygen
• Function(s): Absorbent

MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE

• Definition: A coloring and opacifying agent.
• Origin: Magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide.
• Function(s): Imparts opaque appearance.

MANGIFERA INDICA (MANGO) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Fruit extract containing tartaric and malic acid used for its revitalization properties. Moisturizer. Mild exfoliant.
• Origin: Pulp of the ripe fruit.
• Function(s): Hydrates, revitalizes and gently exfoliates.

MALIC ACID

• Definition: Third smallest alpha hydroxy acid used in AHA combinations. Its anti-aging effects are enhanced when combined with other alpha hydroxy acids. Exfoliant.
• Origin: Apples.
• Function(s): Exfoliates.

MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (TEA TREE) LEAF OIL

• Definition: Essential oil with natural antibacterial and antiviral properties. Tea tree oil is used extensively in acne and foot skincare preparations as an antiseptic to prevent and reduce bacteria and fungi.
• Origin: From tea tree leaves originating from Australia.
• Function(s): Inhibits growth of micro-organisms and prevents infections.

MALVA SYLVESTRIS (MALLOW) FLOWER EXTRACT

• Definition: Anti-inflammatory extract, high in mucilage content used for emollient and refreshing effects on the skin of the eye.
• Origin: Flowers of the Malva sylvestris species.
• Function(s): Soothes, reduces inflammation, increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and refreshes.

MANGO (SEE MAGNIFERA INDICA FRUIT EXTRACT)

MANNITOL

• Definition: Natural carbohydrate (saccharide) with sugar–like properties (polyol). Humectant. Binder.
• Origin: Sugar from algae and mushrooms.
• Function(s): Preserves and binds moisture and topically promotes healthy dermal-epidermal bond.

MARINE COLLAGEN

• Definition: Marine-derived essential structural skin protein [collagen] used in anti-aging preparations. Humectant used for its water binding and moisturizing properties.
• Origin: White teleost fish ligaments.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, hydrates and smooths fine lines.

MARINE COLLAGEN POLYPEPTIDES

• Definition: Pure amino-acid molecular chains of marine-derived collagen.
• Origin: White teleost fish ligaments.
• Function(s): Smooths wrinkles and hydrates.

MARINE COLLAGEN POWDER

• Definition: Desiccated pure marine-derived collagen protein. Humectant.
• Origin: White teleost fish ligaments.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, hydrates and smooths fine lines.

MARINE D.N.A. (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)

• Definition: Pure DNA-derived protein with skin firming benefits. Astringent. Humectant
• Origin: Pink salmon roe.
• Function(s): Tightens skin, cleanses and constricts pores, plus, preserves moisture.

MARINE ELASTIN

• Definition: Marine-derived essential structural skin protein [elastin] used in anti-aging preparations. Humectant. Surface protecting agent.
• Origin: White teleost fish ligaments.
• Function(s): Tones, preserves moisture and protects.

MARINE ELASTIN POLYPEPTIDES

• Definition: Pure amino-acid molecular chains of marine-derived elastin. Humectant.
• Origin: White teleost fish ligaments.
• Function(s): Tones, improves skin elasticity and pliability and preserves moisture.

MENTHOL

• Definition: A fragrant mint oil derivative used to create a cooling effect on the skin. Astringent.
• Origin: Peppermint, spearmint or other mint oils.
• Function(s): Cools, tightens skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE

• Definition: A natural emollient, humectant, moisturizer and thickener.
• Origin: Glucose and oleic acid from vegetables.
• Function(s): Preserves, increases and restores the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, hydrates, prevent dryness, plus, increases the viscosity of a liquid.

METHYL NICOTINATE

• Definition: Methyl ester of nicotinic acid used as a vasodilator (rubefacient). Diuretic.
• Origin: Nicotinic acid from B complex vitamins.
• Function(s): Dilates capillaries, increases circulation and promotes excretion of excess water and salts.

METHYL SALICYLATE

• Definition: Organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants.
• Origin: Wintergreen leaves.
• Function(s): Cools and refreshes. Calms, soothes and relaxes tension.

MICROEMULSION

• Definition: An advanced kind of stabilized emulsion in which the dispersed droplets are extremely small (<100 nm) and thermodynamically stable, thus preventing conventional phase separation. A tri-phase microemulsion is described as Water-Oil-Water (W.O.W.).

MICRO-MATRIX

• Definition: Advanced technology time-release delivery system of micro particles that entraps up to three times its own weight in active ingredients.
• Origin: Micro particle base from algin-derived cellulose.
• Function(s): Provides controlled delivery, timed release and enhanced results of specific active ingredients.

MICRONIZED – MICRONIZATION

• Definition: The process of reducing the size/diameter of a solid material’s particles to micrometers, for use in topical preparations in skincare

MICRO-RETINOL® (SEE ALSO RETINOL)

• Definition: Micro-emulsion of retinol consisting of an exclusive technology that creates fragmented retinol particles that absorb immediately for deep and targeted skin delivery
• Origin: From the enzymatic conversion of retinol (vitamin A) with carotene dioxygenase, from dark green leafy vegetables.
• Function(s): Enhances cellular division (mitosis) and epidermal growth for skin renewal and rejuvenation, neutralizes free radicals, rebuilds skin layers, increases cellular density, smooths, brightens and corrects skin imperfections.

MOOR MUD (SPHAGNUM SQUARROSUM)

• Definition: A natural hydrosoluble, rich black clay containing minerals, amino acids, phyto-hormones, vitamins, enzymes, natural antibiotics, humic acid and salicylic acid.
• Origin: Northern Canadian bogs.
• Function(s): Detoxifies, remineralizes, repairs, stimulates, heals, exfoliates, tones and rejuvenates plus relieves tension, fatigue and discomfort.

MUCOR MIEHEI EXTRACT

• Definition: Enzyme (Protease) extract and natural peeling agent.
• Origin: Zygomicota fungi from fermented organic matter, like cheese.
• Function(s): Keratolytic and exfoliant.

N

NARCISSUS JONQUILLA EXTRACT (JONQUIL FLOWER)

• Definition: A fragrant floral extract of a plant from the amaryllis family. Anti-allergenic.
• Origin: Solvent extraction from the white French Jonquil flower.
• Function(s): Imparts a natural fragrance, tones, heals and may help reduce allergic responses.

NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE FLOWER/LEAF EXTRACT (WATERCRESS)

• Definition: Water perennial and member of the mustard family rich in vitamins A, B, B12 and C, minerals and flavonoids. Soothing agent, moisture regulator and activator for sunburn preparations. Moisturizer.
• Origin: Flowers and leaves of the Tropaeolum majus from Europe and Central Asia.
• Function(s): Soothes, restores moisture, prevents dryness and hydrates.

NEPHELIUM LONGANA SEED EXTRACT

• Definition: An extract from the seeds of the Nephelium fruit, a.k.a. Longan fruit
• Origin: A genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the Sapindaceae family native to Southeastern Asia (China), the Nephelium Longana Tree
• Function(s): Antioxidant and remineralizing. Restores and protects skin barrier function and rebuilds the dermal matrix for smooth skin.

N-HYDROXYSUCCINIMIDE (NHS)

• Definition: A lipo-amino-acid/lipo-peptide capable of degrading accumulated metal ions making them soluble for elimination. Used for the treatment of dark circles.
• Origin: Acetic acid or marine polypeptides.
• Function(s): Lightens and renders iron soluble for elimination from skin accumulation.

NIACIN

• Definition: Known as vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid), niacin is a water-soluble vitamin - and part of the B complex, necessary for cell metabolism. Conditioning agent. Stimulant.
• Origin: Varied nuts.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens, smooths, stimulates and boosts circulation.

NIACINAMIDE (SEE ALSO NIACIN)

• Definition: A derivative of vitamin B3. Anti-inflammatory.
• Origin: Varied nuts.
• Function(s): Repairs, heals, reduces inflammation and boosts circulation.

NYMPHAEA ALBA FLOWER EXTRACT (WATER LILY)

• Definition: Natural astringent and antiseptic flower extract used to soothe and calm sunburned skin. Emollient. Moisturizer.
• Origin: White water lily flower.
• Function(s): Soothes, reduces inflammation, calms skin pain, hydrates. Also tightens, cleanses, constricts the pores, inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections. Ideal for sunburned skin.

O

OAT (SEE AVENA SATIVA)

OCIMUM BASILICUM (BASIL) FLOWER/LEAF EXTRACT

• Definition: Herb that produces a stimulating extract and essential oil used in skincare for its antimicrobial, tonic and purifying properties. Recommended for oily and acneic skin. Astringent.
• Origin: Sweet basil flowers and leaves.
• Function(s): Stimulates, inhibits growth of micro-organisms, tightens, cleanses, purifies and constricts the pores.

OCTINOXATE (OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE)

• Definition: FDA-approved sunscreen ingredient mostly providing UVB spectrum coverage; used globally due to its safety and rare photo-allergy.
• Origin: Balsam of Peru, cocoa leaves and cinnamon leaves.
• Function(s): Protects against UV rays, sunburn and sun damage.

OCTISALATE (OCTYL SALICYLATE)

• Definition: FDA-approved sunscreen ingredient mostly providing UVB spectrum coverage. Also features anti-microbial properties.
• Origin: Salt of salicylic acid from wintergreen leaves.
• Function(s): Protects against UV rays, sunburn and sun damage and inhibits growth of micro-organisms.

OKRA (SEE HYDROLYZED HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS)

OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) FRUIT OIL

• Definition: Carrier oil and lubricant, which targets epidermal keratinocytes and can stimulate protein synthesis of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. Compatible with human skin sebum. Moisturizer. Skin conditioner. Delivery agent.
• Origin: A natural oil extract from the fruit (olives) of the Olea europaea tree.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens, smooths, restores moisture, prevents dryness, moisturizes and hydrates.

OLIGOPEPTIDE 68 (Encased in Biomimetic micro-liposome)

• Definition: Natural lightening and brightening peptides encased in a phospholipid liposomic mechanism, made of multiple round micro-structures that bind together and are identical in structure and composition to the stratum corneum.
• Origin: Seaweed amino acids.
• Function(s): Equalizes skin tone, lightens and inhibits tyrosinase, brightens and delivers anti-aging benefits.

OLIGOSACCHARIDES (SEE ALGAE OLIGOSACCHARIDES)

OLIVE OIL (SEE OLEA EUROPAEA FRUIT OIL)

OLUS OIL (SEE VEGETABLE OIL)

ORANGE (SEE CITRUS AURANTIUM DULCIS & CITRUS NOBILIS)

ORYZA SATIVA (RICE) STARCH

• Definition: A saccharides demulcent and emollient that forms a protective film when applied on skin. It is used in preparations like face powders and enzymes. May also be used as a mild exfoliant, oil absorbent and thickener.
• Origin: Rice grains.
• Function(s): Relieves inflammation and irritation, increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, gently exfoliates plus can increase the viscosity of a liquid.

OXYZOME

• Definition: Time-release advanced encapsulation & delivery system based on a liposome-type structure with membranes that are specially engineered for extra stability within an acidic pH environment. Oxyzomes contain vitamin E on the inner surface, while carrying vitamin C in its center in the form of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP).
• Origin: Soy lecithin and vitamin E from corn.
• Function(s): Facilitates delivery of vitamin C and increases the bioavailability of vitamin C over 85%.

P

PALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE

• Definition: Amino-peptide (small chain of amino acids linked together and attached to a fatty acid). Used as an active ingredient in anti-aging products. It stimulates components of the dermal matrix to produce more dermal proteins.
• Origin: Various plant-based sources
• Function(s): Smooths, rejuvenates and delivers anti-aging benefits.

PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3 (SEE PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-7)

PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-7 (FORMERLY KNOWN AS PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-3)

• Definition: Peptide comprised of four amino acids. Palmitic acid is attached to the peptide chain as a penetration enhancer to drive the peptide through the stratum corneum. It is known to inhibit glycation-inducing interleukins.
• Origin: Various plant-based sources
• Function(s): Firms, smooths and rejuvenates.

PANAX GINSENG ROOT EXTRACT

• Definition: Ginseng is any one of the 11 species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots. Contains powerful flavonoids known as ginsenosides.
• Origin: Asia
• Function(s): Anti-aging, stimulating, healing, calming, antioxidant.

PANTHENOL

• Definition: Provitamin B5. Used as a skin conditioning agent when nourishment is needed, especially in skin and hair preparations. Emollient. Humectant. Moisturizer.
• Origin: Alcohol-form analogue of pantothenic acid from natural sources like honey, molasses and rice.
• Function(s): Increases, preserves and restores the moisture content of the skin, prevents dryness, hydrates, softens, smooths and acts as a lubricant on the skin surface.

PAPAIN

• Definition: An organic fruit enzyme featuring proteolytic activity on keratin. Exfoliant. Professionally used to facilitate extractions and enhance product penetration.
• Origin: Papaya fruit.
• Function(s): Exfoliates, brightens and deeply cleanses.

PAPAIN (SPHÉRULITES)

• Definition: Advanced encapsulation technology housing papaya enzymes in special multi-lamellae microspheres that are released and activated by a rise in temperature, water contact and mechanical friction. Exfoliant.
• Origin: Soy-lecithin and papaya fruit.
• Function(s): Exfoliates, brightens and deeply cleanses.

PASSIFLORA EDULIS FRUIT EXTRACT (PASSION FRUIT)

• Definition: A tropical fruit extract from the Passifloraceae family.
• Origin: Pulp of the ripe, yellow, Passiflora fruit.
• Function(s): Imparts natural fragrance and tones.

PASSIFLORA INCARNATA FLOWER EXTRACT (PASSION FLOWER EXTRACT)

• Definition: Flower extract from a fast-growing perennial vine; a common wildflower in the southern United States
• Origin: Passion flower from the United States
• Function(s): anti-irritant, soothing, anti-inflammatory

PASSION FRUIT (SEE PASSIFLORA EDULIS)

PAULLINIA CUPANA FRUIT EXTRACT (GUARANA)

• Definition: Small red fruits resembling a coffee berry with three times the caffeine content. Used in body treatments and skincare for detoxification purposes. Stimulant. Diuretic.
• Origin: Tropical zones of Brazil.
• Function(s): Detoxifies, stimulates and promotes excretion of excess water and salts.

PERSEA GRATISSIMA (AVOCADO) SEED EXTRACT

• Definition: The lipidic fraction from the raw avocado seed used in pharmaceutical applications for medicinal and dermatological properties.
• Origin: Tropical Central and South American avocados.
• Function(s): Anti-Inflammatory with potential to activate connective tissue metabolism.

pH (ABBREVIATION)

• Definition: Chemical shorthand for “potential of Hydrogen”, used to express relative acidity or alkalinity in a solution, in terms of strength rather than amount, and based on a logarithmic scale. pH range is established from 0-14, with 0 being most acidic, 7 being neutral and 14 being most alkaline.

PHENOXYETHANOL

• Definition: Broad range germicidal and fungicidal agent used in various skincare formulations. Natural preservative.
• Origin: Sugar.
• Function(s): Destroys and prevents growth of bacteria, micro-organisms and fungi, protects products from spoilage and extends product shelf life.

PHYTIC ACID

• Definition: Phosphorus rich cyclic acid found in plants.
• Origin: Rice and other types of cereals and seeds from diverse geographies.
• Function(s): Keratolytic and exfoliant.

PINEAPPLE (SEE ANANAS SATIVUS)

PINUS SYLVESTRIS LEAF OIL (PINE)

• Definition: Stimulating essential oil with refreshing aroma. Astringent. Bactericidal.
• Origin: Evergreen pine leaf (needles).
• Function(s): Stimulates the mind, body and circulation, refreshes, tightens, cleanses, purifies, constricts pores, kills bacteria and imparts a natural fragrance. Also anti-inflammatory, antifungal, analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antioxidant, and diuretic.

PISUM SATIVUM (PEA) EXTRACT

• Definition: Firming polypeptide obtained from garden peas. Anti-elastase.
• Origin: Green peas from varied sources.
• Function(s): Protects and preserves elastin network from damage by neutralizing elastase, tones, firms and delivers anti-aging benefits.

P.I.T. (PHASE INVERSION TEMPERATURE)

• Definition: An advanced, controlled process based on temperature change manipulation to stabilize and further reduce the molecular size of emulsions. The result of P.I.T. application in skin care formulations is a microemulsion (i.e. cream) with strong, long-lasting thermodynamically stable bonds between different phases, and finer dispersion for better and thorough skin penetrability.

PLANKTON EXTRACT

• Definition: A natural compound of beneficial microorganisms that inhabit Earth’s waters.
• Origin: Tenerife, a volcanic Spanish island
• Function(s): Reduces puffiness and dark eye circles. Smooths eye wrinkles and crepiness.

POLYGLYCERYL-3 DIISOSTEARATE

• Definition: Hydroxyl compound often used as an emollient or surfactant
• Origin: Natural fatty acids from plants.
• Function(s): Emollient.

POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE

• Definition: A natural alginate component of some liposomic capsules with encapsulation and sealing properties.
• Origin: Seaweed amino acids.
• Function(s): Encapsulates actives and helps seal them in.

POLYSORBATE 20

• Definition: A surfactant used to dissolve and bind oil into water to create an emulsion. Emulsifier.
• Origin: Sorbitol from fruits and berries.
• Function(s): Reduces the surface tension of a liquid and combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed.

POLYPEPTIDES (SEE MARINE COLLAGEN OR MARINE ELASTIN POLYPEPTIDES)

• Definition: Chains of amino acids united by peptidic bonds.
• Origin: Vegetal or marine, depending on product formula.
• Function(s): Promote healthy skin and deliver anti-aging effects.

POMEGRANATE (SEE PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT EXTRACT)

PORPHYRIDIUM POLYSACCHARIDE

• Definition: Sugar fraction from Porphyridium microalgae. Humectant. Anti-Microbial. Anti-oxidant. Protectant.
• Origin: Microalgae from the Porphyridiaceae family. Mostly collected from Northwestern Europe.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, inhibits growth of micro-organisms, neutralizes free radicals and protects.

PORTULACA OLERACEA EXTRACT

• Definition: A herbaceous weed commonly known as purslane, wild portulaca or pigweed in the U.S. Widely used in preparations for its desensitizing and soothing effects.
• Origin: Yellow portulaca flowers, stems, leaves and seeds.
• Function(s): Desensitizes and soothes.

POTASSIUM SORBATE

• Definition: A mild and natural preservative against mold and yeast. Stabilizer.
• Origin: Potassium salt of sorbic acid from berries.
• Function(s): Maintains a solution, mixture or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration, plus, prevents bacterial growth, protects products from spoilage and extends shelf life.

PROLINE

• Definition: An amino acid naturally found in collagen. A skin conditioning agent used to safeguard skin moisture and elasticity. Protein synthesis stimulant.
• Origin: Corn.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens, smooths, preserves skin moisture and elasticity, plus, stimulates protein synthesis.

PROPOLIS CERA (PROPOLIS)

• Definition: A sterile, beehive resin extract used in skincare because of its natural antibiotic, calming and healing properties.
• Origin: Natural beehive resins produced by worker bees. From the Jura Mountains in France.
• Function(s): Treats and prevents bacterial infections, soothes, calms and heals.

PRUNUS AMARA (BITTER ALMOND) SEED EXTRACT

• Definition: Emollient agent and aromatherapy carrier.
• Origin: Bitter almond fruit.
• Function(s): Increases and maintains the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and promotes spreadability in creams, lotions and oils.

PRUNUS AMYGDALUS DULCIS (SWEET ALMOND) OIL

• Definition: Emollient agent and aromatherapy carrier rich in antioxidants, like tocopherol.
• Origin: Almond kernel.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, moisturizes, softens, smooths, promotes spreadability in creams, lotions and oils, soothes and protects.

PRUNUS PERSICA (PEACH) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Aromatic fruit extract from the Rosaceae family of trees. Emollient. Brightener.
• Origin: Pulp of ripe peaches.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, brightens skin tone, and adds a natural scent to skin care formulations.

PSEUDOALTEROMONAS FERMENT EXTRACT

• Definition: Peptide extract isolated from mud which has been proven to decrease sebum production and accumulation by inhibiting melanocortin-5 receptors in sebaceous glands.
• Origin: King George Island in Antarctica.
• Function(s): Reduces sebum production, anti-aging.

PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT EXTRACT (POMEGRANATE)

• Definition: Polyphenol-laden fruit from deciduous shrub or small tree growing between five and eight meters tall. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Pomegranate fruit from different geographies.
• Function(s): Rejuvenates and neutralizes free radicals.

PYRUS COMMUNIS (PEAR) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Ursolic acid rich extract of the fruit of the European pear. Skin conditioner. Protectant.
• Origin: A species of pear native to central and eastern Europe and southwest Asia.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture, acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens, and protects. Neutralizes free radicals and smooths wrinkles.

PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Extract from the fleshy pomes or fruits of Rosaceous trees. Astringent.
• Origin: Multiple varieties of green apples from temperate zones.
• Function(s): Inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections, brightens and clarifies.

PYRUVIC ACID – SEE HIBISCUS SABDARIFA EXTRACT

R

RAPESEED STEROLS COMPLEX (SEE BRASSIA CAPESTRIS STEROLS)

RETINOL (SEE ALSO MICRO RETINOL®)

• Definition: An alcohol form of vitamin A derivative known for its ability to empower and enhance skin cellular performance, reverse visible signs of aging and repair sun damage. Antioxidant. Emollient.
• Origin: Obtained through enzymatic conversion from natural vitamin A (retinyl palmitate from green leafy vegetables) and hydrolase (enzyme).
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, improves fine lines and wrinkles, rejuvenates, resurfaces, refines and evens skin tone.

RETINOL (IN TEGOSPHERES)

• Definition: Retinol in a unique time-released delivery and encapsulation system. Tegospheres feature an innovative pH-triggered release mechanism that immediately responds to the skin’s natural pH to release retinol gradually and precisely.
• Origin: Tegosphere encapsulation made of fish amino acids containing natural retinol..
• Function(s): Targets visible signs of aging and sun damage.

RETINYL PALMITATE (VIT. A)

• Definition: Pre-formed, ester version of vitamin A. Antioxidant. Emollient.
• Origin: Ester derivative of vitamin A from green leafy vegetables.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths.

ROSA GALLICA FLOWER EXTRACT (FRENCH ROSE) (ROSE EXTRACT)

• Definition: Pink, fragrant rose extract also known as Gallic rose, French rose, or Rose of Provence used in skincare formulations for its highly aromatic content.
• Origin: Rosa Gallica flower petals from a deciduous shrub from the rose plant species (Rosaceae family) from Southern and Central Europe.
• Function(s): Soothes, reduces irritation and provides a calming aroma.

ROSA GALLICA FLOWER OIL (FRENCH ROSE)

• Definition: An ultra-pure, top quality essential oil used in skincare preparations for its regenerating, calming and antiseptic qualities. French rose essential oil is considered the most fragrant and effective of all rose oils.
• Origin: Gallic rose flowers native to Southern and Central Europe.
• Function(s): Soothes, reduces irritation, inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections and provides a calming aroma.

ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS (ROSEMARY) LEAF OIL

• Definition: Aromatic essential oil used in skincare to stimulate circulation, tone the skin and for its antiseptic properties to treat oily and dull skin. It is also used in massage anytime a boost of energy is needed. Astringent. It is also commonly used in hair care preparations to stimulate hair growth.
• Origin: Rosemary leaves from the woody, perennial herb.
• Function(s): Stimulates circulation, tones, inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections, cleanses and constricts the pores plus boosts energy and imparts a fragrant aroma.

ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS (ROSEMARY) LEAF EXTRACT

• Definition: Fragrant herbal extract from the needle-like leaves of this woody perennial plant used for its stimulating properties. Astringent.
• Origin: Rosemary leaves.
• Function(s): Stimulates circulation, tones, inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections, cleanses and constricts the pores plus boosts energy and imparts a fragrant aroma.

ROYAL JELLY EXTRACT

• Definition: Cephalic secretion from worker honeybees used in the nutrition of larvae. In skincare, royal jelly is used for its anti-aging and nutritional skin properties. Royal jelly possesses vitamins, sugars, proteins, lipids and minerals. Humectant.
• Origin: From honeycombs (produced by nursing bees’ cephalic glands.)
• Function(s): Nourishes, energizes, oxygenates, increases skin resilience and preserves moisture.

S

SACCHAROMYCES / XYLINUM / BLACK TEA FERMENT (KOMBUCHA)

• Definition: A gelatinous mass, fungus or mushroom grown from fermented sweet black tea, as a result of the combination of a yeast and saccharomyces/xylinum, a bacterium held to confer health benefits. Rich in B vitamins, enzymes and acids. Scientific research shows Kombucha increases G3PDH enzyme, facilitating lipo-filling.
• Origin: Sweetened black tea ferment.
• Function(s): Repairs, hydrates, firms, restores and aids lipo-filling.

SACCHARIDE ISOMERATE

• Definition: A natural sugar-based humectant whose unique composition is like carbohydrate complexes found in human skin.
• Origin: Plants from Switzerland
• Function(s): Provides moisturizing effects to the skin for extended periods of time. (72hrs.) by creating a moisture reservoir as it binds to skin cells. Emollient.

SAFFLOWER SEED OIL (SEE CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS)

SAGE (SEE SALVIA OFFICINALIS)

SALICYLIC ACID

• Definition: Crystalline organic beta-hydroxy acid used for its antibacterial and exfoliant properties.
• Origin: Willow bark, wintergreen and sweet birch leaves.
• Function(s): Exfoliates and inhibits growth of bacteria.

SALVIA OFFICINALIS (SAGE) LEAF EXTRACT

• Definition: Small evergreen medicinal shrub used in skincare to reduce inflammation. Sage is antiseptic, astringent and anti-bacterial with an invigorating and stimulating aroma.
• Origin: Native to Southern Europe and the Mediterranean.
• Function(s): Reduces inflammation, tones, cleanses and constricts the pores, inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections and heals.

SALVIA OFFICINALIS (SAGE) OIL

• Definition: Invigorating essential oil recommended for oily and acneic skin types. Astringent and anti-bacterial with an invigorating and stimulating aroma.
• Origin: Southern European flowers.
• Function(s): Invigorates, tones skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

SAMBUCUS NIGRA FLOWER EXTRACT (ELDER)

• Definition: A flower extract known for its gentle stimulating properties beneficial for dry skin. The berries are also used in herbal infusions (teas). Gentle astringent.
• Origin: Europe, Northwest Africa and Southeast Asia.
• Function(s): Stimulates, gently tightens skin, cleanses and constricts the pores.

SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS LEAF/ROOT EXTRACT

• Definition: Herbal, natural cleansing agent, also known as soapwort, from the leaves and roots of the Caryophyllaceae species used for producing foaming and lathering actions. Saponaria has been used for making delicate foamy cleansers since the Renaissance period. The root extract contains flavonoids and vitamin C.
• Origin: Roots and leaves of up to 20 species of saponaria plants native to southern Europe and southeast Asia.
• Function(s): Cleanses while soothing and relieving itching.

SEA SALT

• Definition: Sodium chloride mineral.
• Origin: Distilled seawater.
• Function(s): Exfoliates, releases negative ions and mineralizes.

SEA BUCKTHORN FRUIT EXTRACT (SEE HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES)

SEA WATER

• Definition: Saltwater from the sea, that contains an abundance of minerals and other components
• Origin: French Iroise Sea
• Function(s): Humectant, skin-conditioning agent, solvent, and remineralizer

SEAWEED (SEE ALGAE, FUCUS VESICULOSUS, SPIRULINA & LAMINARIA DIGITATA)

SEA WHIP EXTRACT

• Definition: Marine saccharide extract (pseudopterosins), a type of diterpene glucoside. Anti-inflammatory.
• Origin: Caribbean Gorgonian soft coral.
• Function(s): Reduces inflammation, heals and hydrates.

SILANETRIOL

• Definition: An extract from organic natural silica mineral from earth- it is a component of the extracellular matrix; found in collagen and elastin
• Origin: Natural silica mineral
• Function(s): Stimulates collagen & elastin synthesis

SILICA

• Definition: A natural mineral; found abundantly in collagen
• Origin: Natural quartz mineral from earth.
• Function(s): Anti-Aging. Stimulation of cell formation and collagen synthesis.

SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED EXTRACT/ & OIL

• Definition: The liquid wax produced in the seed of the jojoba plant. It resembles that of our own natural sebum and has a natural affinity to the skin. Jojoba in wax bead form is used as an exfoliant.
• Origin: Jojoba seeds.
• Function(s): Softens, exfoliates, promotes suppleness and smooths lines.

SESAMUM INDICUM (SESAME) SEED OIL

• Definition: Oil rich in sesamin -a potent stimulator of adipogenesis proven to increase lipid synthesis and skin storage capacity by 30.2%. Hypodermal volumizer. It has played an important role in Ayurvedic medicine.
• Origin: Sesame Seeds from Africa and Asia
• Function(s): Promotes local triglycerides storage in adipocytes to deliver lipo-filling and anti-aging effects, increased volume and wrinkle smoothing.

SODIUM ASCORBATE

• Definition: Stabilized sodium salt of ascorbic acid used in cosmetic preparations to regulate pH and brighten the skin’s surface. pH adjuster.
• Origin: Salt form of vitamin C from natural origin.
• Function(s): Lightens and adjusts pH.

SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE

• Definition: Stabilized (phosphorylated) sodium salt of ascorbic acid used in cosmetic preparations to regulate pH and brighten the skin’s surface. pH adjuster.
• Origin: Salt form of vitamin C from natural origin.
• Function(s): Lightens and adjusts pH.

SODIUM BENZOATE

• Definition: Salt of benzoic acid. Natural preservative.
• Origin: Organic compound from plants and fruits.
• Function(s): Prevents bacterial growth and protects products from spoilage.

SODIUM BICARBONATE

• Definition: Also known as baking soda, sodium bicarbonate is used as a buffering agent, acid neutralizer and pH stabilizer.
• Origin: A component of the mineral natron and found in many mineral springs.
• Function(s): Maintains the pH of a solution, neutralizes acids and maintains a solution, mixture or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration.

SODIUM CARBOMER

• Definition: Natural salt polymer of acrylic acid used to suspend and adjust the viscosity of cosmetic preparations as well as stabilize cosmetic formulations.
• Origin: Sodium salt of carbomer from plant cellulose.
• Function(s): Suspends and adjusts the viscosity of cosmetic preparations. Stabilizes and thickens formulas and maintains a solution, mixture, or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration.

SODIUM C14-16 OLEFIN SULFONATE

• Definition: A surfactant that allows viscosity and foaming characteristics within cleansers, soaps and bath products. It is very mild to the skin and eyes. Emulsifier.
• Origin: Coconut.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid and combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed.

SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Definition: Also known as common table salt, sodium chloride is used as an astringent and antiseptic to treat skin lesions. It may also be used as a preservative.
• Origin: Evaporation of sea water, or rock salt (halite).
• Function(s): Inhibits growth of micro-organisms and prevents infections plus prevents bacterial growth and protects products from spoilage.

SODIUM CITRATE

• Definition: pH Adjuster that may be used to bind trace metals (chelating action) in solutions, and as an alkaline buffering agent in formulations.
• Origin: Sodium salt of citric acid.
• Function(s): Adjusts pH with ability to bind and buffer.

SODIUM COCOAMPHOACETATE

• Definition: Mild surfactant designed with ability to foam.
• Origin: Coconut.
• Function(s): Gently and effectively cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SODIUM COCOYL AMINO ACIDS (APPLE)

• Definition: Mild surfactant designed with ability to foam.
• Origin: Apple amino acids.
• Function(s): Gently and effectively cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE

• Definition: Salt derived from fatty acids from vegetal origin. Surfactant.
• Origin: Coconut oil.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SODIUM HYALURONATE (HYALURONIC ACID) / (SPHERULITES)

• Definition: Glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sodium-D-glucuronate. A naturally occurring biopolymer that has important functions in many parts of the body. Humectant.
• Origin: Salt derivative of hyaluronic acid from vegetal origin, like sugar beets.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture and increases tissue hydration for proper cellular functions. Enhances actives delivery.

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

• Definition: A solvent commonly utilized in cleansing products. pH adjuster.
• Origin: Electrolysis of seawater.
• Function(s): Dissolves, adjusts pH and may act as a buffer.

SODIUM LACTATE

• Definition: Also known as lactic acid sodium salt, sodium lactate buffers a product’s acid pH. It is naturally occurring in the skin and has moisture binding properties. Humectant.
• Origin: Salt from lactic acid, extracted from milk.
• Function(s): Preserves moisture.

SODIUM LAUROYL OAT AMINO ACIDS

• Definition: A very mild surfactant with gentle cleansing properties.
• Origin: Oat (Avena sativa) amino acids.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SODIUM LAURYL SULFOACETATE

• Definition: Safe, skin-friendly cleanser that provides rich lather.
• Origin: Coconut and palm oil.
• Function(s): Cleanses.

SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE

• Definition: A very mild surfactant with gentle cleansing properties.
• Origin: Sarcosine, a natural amino acid, from coconut oil.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SODIUM OLEATE

• Definition: A mild surfactant and foaming salt agent used in cleansing products.
• Origin: Naturally occurring lipids.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SODIUM PALM KERNELATE

• Definition: Natural surfactant (cleansing) agent.
• Origin: Sodium salts of the acids derived from coconut oil.
• Function(s): Cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SODIUM PALMATE

• Definition: Agent obtained from hydrolysis of coconut oil in the presence of sodium.
• Origin: Coconut oil.
• Function(s): Cleanses.

SODIUM PALMITOYL PROLINE

• Definition: An amino acid necessary for collagen synthesis that increases elasticity and suppleness, combined with water lily extract to reduce inflammation after sun exposure while repairing the skin. Emollient. Humectant.
• Origin: White water lily flower extract (nymphaea alba) and salt of coconut oil.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and preserves moisture. Also has anti-MMP’s activity (prevents cellular damage).

SODIUM PCA

• Definition: High performance moisture binder for dry, delicate and sensitive skin types. Sodium PCA also occurs naturally in skin as part of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF). Humectant.
• Origin: Amino acids from molasses.
• Function(s): Binds and preserves moisture.

SODIUM PHOSPHATE

• Definition: Salt compound that maintains product pH. pH stabilizer.
• Origin: Salt of natural phosphoric acid.
• Function(s): Maintains the pH of a solution, mixture or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration.

SODIUM SILICATE

• Definition: A compound used for making powders and silica gel
• Origin: Salt of silica mineral
• Function(s): natural binder

SORBITAN OLIVATE

• Definition: Complex of sorbitol and olive oil. Emulsifying agent. Surfactant.
• Origin: Green olives.
• Function(s): Combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed, plus, cleanses by reducing the surface tension of a liquid allowing it to foam or penetrate solids.

SORBITOL

• Definition: A naturally occurring sugar alcohol. Humectant.
• Origin: Cherries and leaves and berries of mountain ash, plums, pears, apples, etc.
• Function(s): Absorbs and preserves moisture, prevents skin dryness, leaving it feeling smooth and velvety.

SORGHUM BICOLOR STALK JUICE

• Definition: Sweet juice extract from the stalks of a cereal plant. Rich in polyols, vitamins B2 and C, potassium and iron.
• Origin: Sorghum plant stalk.
• Function(s): Improves skin’s texture, tightens, firms and reduces wrinkles.

SPHÉRULITES

• Definition: Advanced multi-lamellae active agent carriers made of purified non-GMO non-allergenic soy lecithin, which feature progressive 12-hour time-release delivery of the encapsulated contents and possess long lasting structural stability. Sphérulites are small enough to penetrate intercellular spaces and carry intact ingredients to specific target areas preventing their early degradation while empowering their performance.

SPIRULINA PLATENSIS EXTRACT (ALGAE)

• Definition: Blue-green sea algae used to hydrate the skin surface. Spirulina is rich in proteins, vitamins, essential fatty acids and minerals. Humectant.
• Origin: Seaweed.
• Function(s): Hydrates, mineralizes, soothes and preserves moisture.

SQUALANE

• Definition: Nutrient rich vegetal-derived lubricant oil possessing the same lipid structure as the skin’s sebum, rendering it compatible with human skin lipids. Emollient rich in vitamins A and E. Squalane is NOT to be confused with squalene, a non-vegetal oil from shark and whale fat known to be comedogenic and cause sensitivity.
• Origin: Green Spanish olives.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths.

STEARIC ACID

• Definition: A thickening agent and emulsifier found in many vegetable fats used in making lubricants and soaps.
• Origin: Assorted vegetable fatty acids or from cascarilla bark.
• Function(s): Combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed and increases the viscosity.

STEARETH-20

• Definition: Fatty alcohol that binds oils and water together to form an emulsion. An essential ingredient in the manufacture of lotions and creams. Emulsifier.
• Origin: Diverse, natural vegetal oils.
• Function(s): Binds and combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed.

SUCROSE PALMITATE

• Definition: Sucrose Palmitate is a monoester of palmitic acid. Skin conditioner. Emollient. Surfactant. Emulsifier.
• Origin: Coconut Oil.
• Function(s): Acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens, smooths, increases the moisture content of the skin, and helps mix water and oil ingredients.

SUCROSE STEARATE

• Definition: A mixture of sugar sucrose and stearic acid. Emollient. Emulsifying agent.
• Origin: Fruits and vegetables.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and combines two liquids that normally cannot be mixed.

SULFUR

• Definition: Yellow crystalline solid mineral, and a major component of all living things. Essential element for the health of skin and its appendages. Can be used as a mild antiseptic and exfoliating agent in acne preparations. Astringent.
• Origin: Natural sulfur from the earth’s crust.
• Function(s): Inhibits growth of micro-organisms, prevents infections and exfoliates.

SUNFLOWER (SEE HELIANTHUS ANNUUS)

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD)

• Definition: Fifth most abundant enzyme of the human body. A powerful anti-free radical agent to neutralize UV damage and protect skin during its repairing phase. Antioxidant. Humectant.
• Origin: Potato skin and yeast.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, protects and preserves moisture.

SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE CALLUS CULTURE EXTRACT (SEE COMFREY ROOTSTEM CELLS LIPOSOME COMPLEX)

T

TEA TREE OIL (SEE MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA)

TEGOSPHERE

• Definition: Unique time-released delivery and encapsulation system for retinol. Tegospheres feature an innovative pH-triggered release mechanism that immediately responds to the skin’s natural pH to release retinol gradually and precisely.
• Origin: Fish amino acids (Tegosphere structure).
• Function(s): Facilitates delivery of retinol to the skin to ensure maximum product usage and minimal irritation.

TETRAHEXYLDECYL ASCORBATE (VIT. C)

• Definition: A stable and oil-soluble Vitamin C ester, which inhibits lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Natural vitamin C.
• Function(s): Stimulates collagen, clarifies, brightens and neutralizes free radicals.

THEOBROMA CACAO (COCOA) SEED BUTTER

• Definition: Natural fat from cocoa beans. Emollient. Skin conditioner.
• Origin: Roasted seeds of the Theobroma cacao tree, native to the Americas.
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content and acts as a lubricant on the skin surface, softens, smooths, confers elasticity and can stimulate enzymatic lipolysis.

THEOPHYLLINE

• Definition: A smooth muscle relaxant used to enhance detoxification. Diuretic.
• Origin: Tea leaves/roots and coffee beans.
• Function(s): Detoxifies and promotes excretion of excess water and salts.

THIOCTIC ACID (ALPHA LIPOIC ACID)

• Definition: A naturally occurring co-enzyme; a cofactor for several important mitochondrial enzyme complexes, a.k.a. “universal anti-oxidant”. Emollient.
• Origin: Young corn.
• Function(s): Nourishes, energizes, increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and neutralizes free radicals.

TILIA CORDATA FLOWER EXTRACT (LINDEN)

• Definition: Also known as lime tree extract and used to treat irritated and sensitive skin.
• Origin: Flowers of the linden tree native to Europe.
• Function(s): Calms, soothes and moisturizes.

TITANIUM DIOXIDE

• Definition: FDA-approved, physical sunscreen that scatters UV light. May be used alone or in combination with chemical sunscreens, in skincare creams, make-up bases and daytime moisturizers. It is also used as colorant to provide a white color base to cosmetic preparations.
• Origin: Natural oxide of titanium mineral.
• Function(s): Protects the skin, prevents sunburn and sun damage and imparts natural color.

TOCOPHEROL (VIT. E)

• Definition: Fat soluble antioxidant and free radical scavenger that protects cell membranes from free radical damage and reduces trans-epidermal-water-loss. Natural preservative. Emollient.
• Origin: Corn.
• Function(s): Neutralizes free radicals, protects, nourishes, repairs, increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths, and improves the shelf life of natural oils.

TOCOPHERYL ACETATE (VIT. E)

• Definition: A derivative of tocopherol that protects cell membranes from free radical damage, reduces trans-epidermal-water-loss and acts as a natural preservative. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Corn
• Function(s): Protects, neutralizes free radicals, nourishes, repairs, moisturizes and improves the shelf life of natural oils.

TRIBEHENIN

• Definition: A tri-ester from a combination of natural glycerin and behenic acid, a naturally occurring long-chain fatty acid. Emollient. Humectant.
• Origin: Vegetal fats like coconut oil.
• Function(s): Preserves and increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths.

TRIETHOXYCAPRYLYLSILANE

• Definition: A natural silica gel emulsifying agent
• Origin: Natural silica mineral. Pharmaceutical grade purity.
• Function(s): Emulsifier.

TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE (CLOVER) FLOWER EXTRACT

• Definition: Red clover flower extract found to contain Biochanin A, an intrinsic active known for improving keratinization, regulating sebum and tightening pores.
• Origin: Europe and other countries
• Function(s): Tightens and minimizes pore size, regulates sebum production.

TRILAURIN

• Definition: Aliphatic acid. Emollient. Viscosity controller.
• Origin: Natural glycerin and lauric acid (form coconut).
• Function(s): Increases the moisture content of the skin, softens, smooths and controls the viscosity of formulations.

TRIPHASE MICROEMULSION

• Definition: An advanced microemulsion system that contains three embedded dispersion phases that coexist as one, i.e.: Water-Oil-Water (WOW). These micro- emulsions are highly stable and long-lasting, providing extra hydration (such as the case of WOW emulsions), possess built-in time release benefits, penetrate deeper and have a less greasy texture than traditional emulsions.

U

UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACT

• Definition: A peptide extract from macro-algae, a.k.a. “Wakame” (considered a sea vegetable-edible seaweed) beneficial to treat hyperpigmentation. Tyrosinase inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory.
• Origin: French brown algae.
• Function(s): Reduces inflammation and tyrosinase activity.

ULTRAMARINES

• Definition: A complex sulfur-containing sodium aluminum silicate. Natural blue colorant.
• Origin: Lazurite, a mineral from lapis lazuli rocks.
• Function(s): Imparts a blue color.

V

VANILLA TAHITENSIS FRUIT EXTRACT

• Definition: Aromatic phyto-active found in a species of Tahitian orchid. Antioxidant.
• Origin: Pods or “beans” of Tahitian vanilla plant.• Function(s): Imparts a natural aroma and neutralizes free radicals.

VANILLYL BUTYL ETHER

• Definition: A sweet component utilized in the food industry to impart a spicy taste
• Origin: Spicy peppers, vanilla beans, and similar sources
• Function(s): Warming agent. Boosts microcirculation and conditions the skin. Provides a natural vanilla scent to formulas.

VEGETABLE OIL (OLUS OIL)

• Definition: A fine vegetable oil used in cosmetic formulations for skin protection, active ingredients delivery and as a barrier for moisture loss.
• Origin: Vegetal sources, like olives.
• Function(s): Emollient, conditions, moisturizes, protects.

VITAMIN A (SEE MICRO-RETINOL®, RETINOL & RETINYL PALMITATE)

VITAMIN E (SEE TOCOPHEROL & TOCOPHERYL ACETATE)

VITAMIN C (SEE ASCORBIC ACID, CALCIUM ASCORBATE, MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE, SODIUM ASCORBATE & TETRAHEXYLDECYL ASCORBATE)

W

WATERMELON FRUIT EXTRACT (SEE CITRULLUS LANATUS EXTRACT)

WATER (AQUA)

• Definition: Essential substance and component of all living cells, chemically known as H2O. Aqua is its Latin name. Pevonia uses only pharmaceutical grade purified, de-ionized, sterilized, mineral and chemical-free water in all water-based formulations. Solvent.
• Origin: Pure water.
• Function(s): Dissolves and used as a base in most skincare formulations.

WITCH HAZEL (SEE HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA)

W.O.W. MICROEMULSIONS

• Definition: An advanced tri-phase (water-in-oil-in-water) microemulsion which features a soft silky texture, provides the skin an extra dose of hydration, permits actives to be entrapped for controlled delivery into the skin, and allows better and deeper penetrability of ingredients.

X

XANTHAN GUM

•Definition: A polysaccharide that serves as a texturizer, carrier agent and gelling agent. Stabilizer. Thickener.
• Origin: Produced by fermentation of natural sugars.
• Function(s): Maintains a solution, mixture or suspension resistant to chemical change or deterioration and increases the viscosity of a liquid.

Y

YLANG-YLANG

• Definition: An essential oil used for aromatherapy and medicinal benefits.
• Origin: Form the fresh flowers of the Ylang-Ylang Tree. (Canaga Odorata) Commonly found in the rainforests of certain Asian and South Pacific Islands.
• Function(s): Improves blood circulation, helps reduce acne, dermatitis and skin irritation.

YOGURT

• Definition: A custard-like dairy product produced by fermenting milk with a culture. Astringent.
• Origin: Fermented milk.
• Function(s): Replenishes, tones, tightens, cleanses and constricts pores.

Z

ZEA MAYS (CORN) OIL / & STARCH / & STARCH POWDER

• Definition: A tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels. Emollient. Thickener.
• Origin: Tropical locations.
• Function(s): The oil increases the moisture content of the skin, softens and smooths. The starch powder increases the viscosity of a liquid.

ZINC CARBONATE

•Definition: A neutral zinc salt, A.K.A. Smithsonite, that occurs as a secondary mineral in the weathering or oxidation zone of zinc bearing ore deposits.
• Origin: Most abundant in the USA
• Function(s): Humectant. Soothing.

ZINC OXIDE

• Definition: Zinc oxide occurs in nature as the mineral zincite. Natural sunscreen. Antiseptic. Also used as a pigment.
• Origin: Europe and USA.
• Function(s): Protects the skin from the sun, soothes and inhibits growth of micro-organisms, plus, prevents infections.

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